纳米纤维素晶须用作水性聚氨酯的增稠流变剂

采用酸催化水解法制备了纳米纤维素晶须(NCW)悬浮液并对其进行表征.研究了温度、NCW含量对悬浮液黏度的影响,考察了悬浮液的Ostwade幂方程模型.结果表明,NCW悬浮液黏度随NCW含量增大而增大,受温度影响较小;将NCW添加到水性聚氨酯分散体中,研究了温度、NCW含量对混合悬浮液流变性的影响,表明NCW的加入能降低混合悬浮液体系的粘流活化能,增加混合悬浮液体系的触变度,证明NCW对水性聚氨酯分散体具有增稠和触变作用.     

低pH值下DACMC的制备、结构及热性能

在低pH值条件下采用NaIO4氧化羧甲基纤维素(CMC),制备了二醛羧甲基纤维素(DACMC),通过FT-IR、13C NMR、XRD和AFM等研究了pH值对NaIO4氧化CMC程度的影响,以及pH值对DACMC结晶结构、形貌结构、热稳定性的影响.结果表明:pH值对NaIO4氧化CMC的程度有显著的影响,但缺乏规律性,当pH值为1.5时其氧化程度最高(醛基含量最大为54.35%);FT-IR和13C NMR结果证实了在CMC分子链上有羰基产生;DACMC的结晶度均大于CMC,且随反应体系pH值的增加而增大;由于失水葡萄糖环的断裂,DACMC的分子链更加柔软,相互缠结得更加紧凑、规整,表面Z向尺寸随着醛基含量的增大而降低;DACMC的热稳定性差于CMC,pH=1.5的条件下制备的DACMC的热稳定性最差.     

Single-cell discrimination based on optical tweezers Raman spectroscopy

The ability to discriminate between single cells in a label-free and noninvasive fashion is important for the classification of cells, and for the identification of similar cells from different origins. In this paper, we present the Raman spectroscopy-based identifi- cation of different types of single cells in aqueous media, and discrimination between the same types of cells from different donors using a novel Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) technique, which combines laser trapping and micro-Raman spectroscopy. First, we measured the spectra of individual living human erythrocytes, i.e. red blood cells, and leucocytes (U937 cancer cells). High-quality Raman spectra with low fluorescence were obtained using a home-LTRS apparatus and 20 cells were measured for each cell type. The smoothing, baseline subtraction, and normalization of the data were followed by a principal components analysis (PCA). The PCA loading plots showed that the two different types of cells could be completely separated based only on the first component (PC1) (i.e. the peaks at 1300 cm1 ); the discrimination accuracy could therefore reach 100%. More than 50 spectra were taken for each erythrocyte obtained from the four healthy volunteers. The average discrimination accuracy was 84.5% for two random individuals taken from the four volunteers, according to the first and second PCs. This work demonstrates that LTRS is a powerful tool for the accurate identification and discrimination of single cells, and it has the potential to be applied for the highly sensitive identification of cells in clinical diagnosis and medical jurisprudence.     

Coral community changes in response to a high sedimentation event: A case study in southern Hainan Island

A high sedimentation event caused by dredging and dumping of sediment was recorded on Xiaodonghai Reef in Yulin Bay,southern Hainan Island,China.Significantly high sedimentation and constant light shading were observed during the sediment dumping event(SD Event).Using long-term video transects,we quantified coral community changes and responses to the SD Event between 2008 and 2010.The SD Event caused severe coral mortality on Xiaodonghai Reef at a depth of 6 m,while corals at 3 m were less affected.Total live coral cover at 6 m decreased from 54.3% to 14.8%,and Diploastrea heliopora replaced Galaxea fascicularis as the dominant coral species at 6 and 9 m.The density of juvenile corals also declined after the SD Event,especially for the genera Galaxea and Platygyra.However,the density of juvenile Porites and Pocillopora spp.slightly increased.Monitoring for 11 months after the SD Event indicated no recovery of coral communities on Xiaodonghai Reef.Long-term video transect data also revealed that mean live coral cover dramatically declined,from 30.5% in 2008 to 9% in 2010,while the dominant corals in Yulin Bay shifted to more tolerant coral species,such as massive Porites spp.and D.heliopora.The rapid coral community degradation in Yulin Bay between 2008 and 2010 was probably caused by high sediment deposition resulting from intensive dredging and land-clearing activities.These results highlight the necessity for an integrated watershed management to control sediment deposition on near-shore coral reefs.     

Improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on feedback control information in cognitive radio networks

In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedback control information from the primary user is analyzed. An improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on the combination of the feedback control information and the optimization algorithm is proposed. The relaxation method is used to achieve the approximate spectrum sharing model, and the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the individual outage probability constraints can be obtained iteratively with the observed outage probability. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sharing algorithm can achieve the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the outage probability constraints and reduce the average outage probability without causing maximum transmission rate reduction of the secondary user.     

韩愈尚怪诗新探

主要分析了中唐韩孟诗派的代表人物韩愈诗尚怪的几种表现， 如以散文的句法、形式写诗， 以怪诞奇异的意象入诗等等， 他的诗有一种光怪陆离的特色， 反映了他以怪为美， 以丑为美的美学趋向。探究了韩愈诗尚怪形成的原因， 既有客观的因素， 又是作家主观上有意识追求的结果。     

Low dipole moment large β electrooptic chromophores based on exocyclic double bond conjugated bridge

Novel low dipole moment (μ) and large first hyperpolarizability (β) electrooptic chromophores have been designed based on the special characteristic of reversed dipole moment in the excited state of exocyclic double bond (ECDB) conjugated bridge by the optimization of the substituted method, and their electronic and second-order nonlinear optical properties have been theoretically investigated by employing the AM1/FF and ZINDO/S-CI approaches. By extending the conjugation length and optimizing the donor/acceptor strength, the oscillator strength of the excited transition that contributes to the molecular nonlinearity can be further enhanced. The designed chromophores possess a larger figure of merit (FOM) than that of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene (DANS), and lower (<5 D) ground state dipole moment.     

Photoluminescence from Ge-SiO2 thin films and its mechanism

Ge-SiO₂ thin films were deposited on p-type Si substrates using the radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering technique with a Ge-SiO₂ composite target. Films were annealed in N₂ ambience for 30 min at 300℃—1000℃ with an interval of 100℃. Through the X-ray diffraction, the average size of Ge nanocrystals (nc-Ge) was determined. They increased from 3.9 to 6.1 nm with increasing annealing temperature in the range of 600℃—1000℃. Under ultraviolet excitation, all samples emit a strong violet band centered at 396 nm. With the formation of nc-Ge, the samples exhibit another emission of orange band with the peak at 580 nm and its intensity increases with the increasing size of nc-Ge. The peak positions of two bands do not shift obviously. Experimental data indicate that the violet band comes from GeO defect and the orange band originates mainly from the luminescence centers at the interface between the nc-Ge and SiO₂ matrix.     

大众传媒对大学生环保观念的影响调查报告

文章以南京高校为例,论述了调查的背景、目的及方法,指出调查结果对其进行分析,最后总结出经验,并对存在的问题提出一些建议。     

小球在粘滞液体中运动情况的探讨

通过对小球在粘滞液体中运动情况的探讨,为设计制作和改进落球式粘滞系数实验仪提供一定的理论依据.